An explanation of the menstrual cycle

The menstrual cycle is a natural process that occurs in the female reproductive system. It involves a series of hormonal and physiological changes that prepare the body for pregnancy. Here's a step-by-step explanation:

1. Menstruation (Days 1-5):

• The menstrual cycle begins on the first day of menstruation, also known as your period.
• During this phase, the uterus sheds its lining, which exits the body through the vagina.
• This typically lasts about 3-7 days.

2. Follicular Phase (Days 1-13):

• Simultaneously with menstruation, the brain's pituitary gland releases Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH).
• FSH triggers the development of several small sacs called follicles in the ovaries, each containing an immature egg (oocyte).
• Only one of these follicles will usually mature into an ovum (egg).

3. Ovulation (Around Day 14):

• Around the middle of the menstrual cycle, a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH) triggers ovulation.
• The mature follicle releases the egg into the fallopian tube in a process called ovulation.
• This is when pregnancy is most likely to occur, as the egg is available for fertilization.

4. Luteal Phase (Days 15-28):

• After ovulation, the ruptured follicle transforms into a structure called the corpus luteum.
• The corpus luteum releases hormones like progesterone and some estrogen.
• These hormones thicken the uterine lining in preparation for a potential pregnancy.
• If fertilization doesn't occur, the corpus luteum breaks down, leading to a drop in progesterone and estrogen levels.

5. Pre-Menstrual Phase (Days 25-28):

• As hormone levels decrease, the thickened uterine lining starts to break down, which can lead to symptoms like irritability, bloating, and breast tenderness.
• If the released egg is not fertilized, the corpus luteum disintegrates, and the cycle begins anew with menstruation.

If fertilization occurs, the fertilized egg (zygote) will travel down the fallopian tube and implant itself into the thickened uterine lining. The pregnancy hormones (hCG) will then signal the body to maintain the uterine lining, and a pregnancy will progress.

It's important to note that every woman's menstrual cycle can vary in length and may not always follow a perfect 28-day pattern. Factors like stress, illness, and lifestyle can influence the timing and regularity of the cycle.

Always consult a healthcare professional for personalized advice and information.